NURS FPX 8008 Assessment 1 Analyzing Person-Centered Care with Scientific and Theoretical Evidence
Student name
Capella University
NURS- FPX8008
Professor Name
Submission Date
Analyzing Person-Centered Care with Scientific and Theoretical Evidence
Person-centred care (PCC) is known as a paradigm change in the way health services are provided and is based on the values, preferences, and lived experiences of each person receiving health services. Current theoretical frameworks provide explicit steps to help crystallize the concepts of PCC into health care and organizational structures. The purpose of this assessment is to critically reflect on PCC and include appropriate theories and current research, and to focus on interprofessional working in relation to achieving holistic, patient-focused care.
Identified Articles for Person-Centered Care
The quantitative studies will offer empirical data on the measurable effects of PCC’s on clinical outcomes and patient experiences in health care systems. In an exploratory study, Marshall used several different survey tools to examine patient and stakeholder engagement in research and found that increased involvement in research along the entire continuum increased outcomes relevance and improved patient-centeredness in research processes. Although the overall competency (94.9%) and training (88.3%) for PCC were high, there was a gap between nurses’ PCC competency and the provision of PCC to women in the cross-sectional study that included 196 nurses in primary healthcare settings. Yu found a significant correlation between higher PCC scores and improved self-reported physical and mental health results and a sense of patients’ need for hospitalization, but only marginally better decreases in certain PCC behaviors related to care processes, such as unnecessary medication prescriptions and outpatient charges, for the physician-induced demand behaviors in a cross-sectional analysis of 5222 patients with inpatient admission records. In concert, the quantitative results support the measurement of the health outcomes, safety metrics, and satisfaction measures resulting from the PCC interventions.
Qualitative studies enrich the understanding of the conceptualization and operationalization of PCC in practice, emphasizing relationships, dialogue, and a personalized approach. In a detailed qualitative study of ways in which stakeholder engagement is used in the research to improve the relevance and responsiveness of the studies, Maurer found patterns of engaging patients in research activities that included co-producing, redirecting, and refining research.
Shaban discussed the need to build trust, communicate in a way that adapts to patients’ changing needs, foster interdisciplinary work, and nurse–patient relationships that are emotionally supportive to patients to create better experiences in outpatient care. In the oncology environment, Al-Ruzzieh looked at the managers’ views and identified the characteristics of leadership that foster partnership, informed decision making, involve family members, and connect services to patients’ values and values other than performance metrics. Mitchell’s research explored deliberative stakeholder involvement in person-centred health research and identified conflicting themes in the process of combining individual stories and population-level data; experience and knowledge with technical expertise; and dialogue and structured decision-making. Qualitative evidence combined provides strong support for the essentiality of reconfiguring the professional–patient relationship within the clinical and organizational context to make space for the individual voice.
Two Nursing Theories
Nursing theories would be a must to understand the measurable outcome of nursing and experiential aspects of person-centred care (PCC). Patient self-management, functional performance, and therapeutic gains are the focus of Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory, which facilitates the empirical assessment of nurse-led interventions. Marshall showed that the structured involvement of the patient and stakeholders can lead to more measurable outcomes of the research, and Yu identified a correlation between higher PCC scores and better self-reported physical and mental health and perceived necessity of hospitalization. Likewise, a study found that an implementation of the Patient-Centered Rehabilitation model at the individual, team, and organizational level will enhance collaborative care, which will meet patients’ goals; however, the study also identified gaps in nurses’ knowledge and training in preconception care, highlighting the need for more specific nurse education. Research studies supporting this quantitative approach based on Orem’s propositions demonstrate clinically measurable improvement in the clinical and functional outcomes of interventions led by the nurse. Alongside the quantitative studies, there was also qualitative literature that highlighted the importance of the aspects of relational presence, dignity, and commonality in healing as presented in Jean Watson’s Human Caring Theory. There were a number of issues identified when engaging stakeholders by Mitchell, where experiential knowledge was in conflict with technical knowledge. Trust-building, adaptive communication, interdisciplinary working, and emotional support were key dimensions of outpatient care for older people emphasized by Shaban, while processes that enhance individualized well-being were identified for co-production processes by Maurer’s study. Ethical sensitivity, empathy, and relationality, which are not quantifiable, are revealed in Watson-informed approaches.
Synopsis of Studies
Healthcare scholarship is an integration of different methodological paradigms that examines the implementation and effectiveness of PCC in healthcare settings. A study that used a 6-item PCC questionnaire, with answers from patients, clinicians, and investigators throughout the course of research, to quantify the impact that patient engagement has on outcome measures, including self-reported physical and mental health and perceived necessity of hospitalisation, showed that higher PCC scores were associated with an improvement in the outcomes measured in these 2 domains. Jesus et al. (2021) used the person-centred rehabilitation (PCR) model, which found that structured interventions with patient-professional dyad and interprofessional team and organizational support increased engagement, care alignment, and collaborative rehabilitation outcomes. Despite high levels of knowledge and training in PCC, there are low levels of the provision of PCC services in primary healthcare nurses across South Africa, as reported by Ukoha and Mtshali (2023) in their study of 196 primary healthcare nurses. Taken as a whole, there is evidence that supports the structured PCC interventions with clinically significant effects.
Qualitative research focuses on the context and meaning of things, perceptions, and relational processes, as well as its interpretive depth. Mitchell noted conflicts in bringing together differing stakeholders’ points of view at deliberative forums. The above findings were corroborated by the findings of Al-Ruzzieh’s study, which was carried out through the strategic and organizational dimensions. Shabanstudy stressed the following four aspects: trust, adaptation of the individual, collaboration between the different branches, and emotional support. Maurer’s study proved that collaborative interaction influences research planning. Qualitative evidence helps to shed light on relational dynamics, influences of placing people in an organization, and experiential aspects of effective person-centred care.
Literature Synthesis
There were consistent, statistically significant positive results in quantitative research of the implementation of person-centred care (PCC) with a range of different clinical groups. Yu assessed patient-centredness by employing a PCC questionnaire with 6 items and assessed the relationship of the questionnaire items to the following outcomes: self-reported physical and mental health, subjective necessity of hospitalisation, and physician-induced demand behaviors; in a cross-sectional analysis of 5222 inpatients. Likewise, 147 adult rehabilitation studies were reviewed to see how the implementation of a person-centred rehabilitation (PCR) model at the dyad, microsystem, and macrosystem levels impacts rehabilitation practices, and Jesus found that it did improve rehabilitation practice by increasing involvement, interprofessional working, and matching rehabilitation to individual preferences. The study also points to the fact that, although a significant number of nurses (196) in primary healthcare in the study were extremely well trained and competent in PCC principles and practice, the use of PCC and the delivery of PCC services remained limited in practice, indicating a disconnect between the readiness of healthcare providers and their actual use. Beyond merely the clinical endpoints, a study showed, using a quantitative survey instrument, that engagement of patients across all phases of the clinical research process resulted in improvements to the patient-centeredness and decision making of the research process. These quantitative pieces of evidence support the clinical, safety, and experiential effectiveness of PCC as a collective body of evidence that can be measured and is statistically significant.
While quantitative scholarship helps to clarify the mechanisms relating to PCC in numerical terms, qualitative scholarship helps explain the mechanism of PCC in a relational, contextual, and experiential context. Mitchell analysed multi-stakeholder deliberative dialogues, which revealed shifts in ideas, negotiation processes, and conflict between people’s individual patient priorities and system-level constraints, highlighting the need for flexibility in bringing about person-centred implementation. In oncology, for instance, Al-Ruzzieh suggested managerial understandings of PCC, which tended to focus on being responsive to patients’ preferences, engaging in shared decision making, and adopting an organisation’s strategy that matched patients’ values relating to individual healthcare. Likewise, Maurer (2014) presented examples from investigatory interviews with study partner stakeholders and researchers of meaningful interaction and trust between researcher and partner that influenced the planning, doing, and sharing of the studies. Shaban emphasized the essential role of establishing trust, communications that are tailored, having an interdisciplinary approach, and supportive care practices in empowering the process of delivery of PCC in the outpatient geriatric environment. Qualitative findings add depth to the understanding of person-centered practice, going beyond the measurable outcomes, and show the interpersonal dynamics, emotional aspects, and organizational complexities that shape person-centered practice.
Significance of Team Collaboration
Common outcome patterns point to the fact that interprofessional working is a key enabler of the successful implementation of PCC. Improvements in patient safety and quality-of-life measures are tightly associated with coordinated multidisciplinary activities involving the harmonization of clinical competency with the patients’ priority goals, to reduce as much as possible the risk of preventable complications. Evidence, therefore, suggests that the greatest effect of PCC is attained when it is delivered as part of an integrated, team-based, continuous evidence system where communication, continuity, and coordinated clinical actions are all seamless.
Conclusion
The principles of person-centred care are an amalgamation of the best available evidence and nursing theory with the aim of enhancing clinical, functional, and experiential outcomes in a variety of health care settings. Both quantitative and qualitative results indicate positive concrete results in terms of improving the quality of life, safety, and engagement of the patient, as well as the relational and emotional aspects that contribute to their experiences of care. Both conceptually evaluating the outcomes and creating a meaningful therapeutic relationship are guided by theoretical foundations such as Orem’s self-care theory and Watson’s human caring theory. Person-centred approaches, overall, require a coordinated and team-based approach in order to be effective, building on a person-focused clinical competency and the values and preferences of the individual patient.
References
AL-Ruzzieh, M. A., AL-Helih, Y. M., Haroun, A., & Ayaad, O. (2024). Higher and middle management perspectives on patient-centered care in an oncology setting: A qualitative study. Nursing Reports, 14(4), 3378–3390. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040244
Baragar, B., Makaroff, K., Manns, B., Love, S., Donald, M., Santana, M., Corradetti, B., Finlay, J., Johnson, J. A., Walsh, M., & Elliott, M. J. (2023). “You need a team”: Perspectives on interdisciplinary symptom management using patient-reported outcome measures in hemodialysis care—A qualitative study. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00538-8
Jesus, T. S., Papadimitriou, C., Bright, F. A., Kayes, N. M., Pinho, C. S., & Cott, C. A. (2021). The person-centered rehabilitation model: Framing the concept and practice of person-centered adult physical rehabilitation based on a scoping review and thematic analysis of the literature. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 103(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2021.05.005
Marshall, D. A., Suryaprakash, N., Bryan, S., Barker, K. L., MacKean, G., Zelinsky, S., McCarron, T. L., Santana, M. J., Moayyedi, P., & Lavallee, D. C. (2023). Measuring the impact of patient engagement in health research: An exploratory study using multiple survey tools. Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, 7(2), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwad045
McCance, T., & McCormack, B. (2025). The person-centred nursing framework: A mid-range theory for nursing practice. Journal of Research in Nursing, 30(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/17449871241281428
Mitchell, G. R., Hartelius, E. J., McCoy, D., & McTigue, K. M. (2021). Deliberative stakeholder engagement in person-centered health research. Social Epistemology, 36(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2021.1918280
Montori, V. M., Ruissen, M. M., Hargraves, I. G., Brito, J. P., & Kunneman, M. (2022). Shared decision-making as a method of care. BioMed Journal Evidence-Based Medicine, 28(4), 213–217. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2022-112068
Shaban, M., Mohammed, H. H., Amer, M., Shaban, M. M., Abdel-Aziz, H. R., & Ibrahim, A. M. (2024). Exploring the nurse-patient relationship in caring for the health priorities of older adults: Qualitative study. Biomed Central Nursing, 23(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02099-1
Ukoha, W. C., & Mtshali, N. G. (2023). Preconception care recommendations, training, and competency of primary healthcare nurses in South Africa: A quantitative descriptive study. Open Nursing, 9, e185924. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608231185924
Yu, C., Xian, Y., Jing, T., Bai, M., Li, X., Li, J., Liang, H., Yu, G., & Zhang, Z. (2023). More patient-centered care, better healthcare: The association between patient-centered care and healthcare outcomes in inpatients. Frontiers in Public Health, 11(7), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1148277
FAQs
Q1: Define person-centered care (PCC)
A: Person-centered care is an approach to delivering health care that respects and accommodates individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and involves the patient in all decision-making in the process of delivery of clinical care.
Q2: Why is person-centered care crucial for nursing practice?
A: This concept is essential for nurses since it makes patients more satisfied, improves their compliance and improves health outcomes through provision of personalized care.
Q3: What are some of the nursing theories that support person-centered care?
A: Some theories include the Human Caring Theory by Jean Watson and Science of Unitary Human Beings by Rogers.